Energy Performance Certificate

An energy performance certificate (EPC, energiatodistus) is a standardized document that rates a building's energy efficiency on a scale from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). The certificate is based on calculated energy consumption taking into account the building's insulation, heating system, ventilation, hot water production, and other energy-consuming systems. An EPC is mandatory for property sales and rentals in Finland.

The energy class provides a comparable indicator of a building's energy performance, similar to the energy labels found on household appliances. A Class A building might consume less than 75 kWh per square meter per year, while a Class G building might consume over 300 kWh. The certificate helps buyers and renters make informed decisions about operating costs and environmental impact, and it incentivizes building owners to improve energy efficiency.

The EPC is prepared by a qualified energy assessor who inspects the building and inputs its characteristics into a standardized calculation tool. The assessment considers the building envelope (insulation values, window performance, air tightness), heating system efficiency, ventilation type and heat recovery, domestic hot water production, and any renewable energy systems. The certificate is valid for 10 years unless major renovations change the building's energy profile.

Improving a building's energy class increases its market value and reduces operating costs. Common upgrades include adding insulation, replacing old windows, upgrading the heating system to a heat pump, improving ventilation heat recovery, and sealing air leaks. Each improvement is reflected in a better energy class on the next certificate. Some municipalities and banks offer incentives or favorable loan terms for buildings with high energy ratings.